OVS Network Architecture Open vSwitch is an open-source virtual switch that supports the OpenFlow protocol. It can be managed remotely by controllers through the OpenFlow protocol to achieve networking and interconnection for connected virtual machines or devices. Its main functions are:
Transmitting traffic between virtual machines Enabling communication between virtual machines and external networks OVS Internal Structure OVS has three core components:
ovs-vswitchd: The OVS daemon process, which is the core component implementing switching functionality.
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Simple Understanding The Control Plane is responsible for finding the optimal path, while the Forwarding Plane handles data forwarding based on these established paths. These two planes work together to achieve network connectivity.
Data packets are routed on a hop-by-hop basis, with forwarding decisions made by each router that receives the packet.
The Control Plane: Determines how and where to forward packets.
The Data Plane: Performs actual packet forwarding on router ports at the hardware level.
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ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses by querying the MAC address corresponding to a target IP address. In network communications, data packets between hosts need to be encapsulated according to the OSI model from top to bottom before being sent out. Therefore, in LAN communications, both source/destination IP addresses and MAC addresses need to be encapsulated. Generally, upper-layer applications care more about IP addresses than MAC addresses, so the ARP protocol is needed to discover the destination host’s MAC address to complete data encapsulation.
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Unicast: Sending data to a single destination host, where each unicast packet has a unicast IP address as its destination address
Transmission Method: Point-to-point transmission Drawback: Requires establishing separate data channels between the sender and each receiver Broadcast: Sending data to all hosts within the same broadcast domain or subnet
Transmission Method: Point-to-multipoint transmission Drawback: Sends unnecessary data to irrelevant hosts within the subnet Multicast: When certain users in the network need specific data, the sender only needs to send multicast data once.
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Slice Slices are one of the most commonly used data structures in Go. They are dynamic arrays that can automatically expand as needed. The underlying structure of a slice is an array. When the capacity of the slice is insufficient to accommodate new elements, Go automatically creates a new, larger array and copies the existing data to the new array.
Initial Capacity: Initially, the buf slice of Builder is empty with a capacity of 0.
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Given an input number ( m ), the goal is to find a value ( x ) such that ( x^2 = m ). Let ( f(x) = x^2 - m ), so the problem reduces to finding the root of the equation ( f(x) = 0 ). The derivative of ( f(x) ) is ( f’(x) = 2x ).
For a quadratic function, the derivative calculation is straightforward. The tangent line equation is ( y = f’(x_n)(x - x_n) + f(x_n) ), and finding the intersection point involves setting ( y ) to zero.
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1. Environment Setup VSCode Download Link: https://code.visualstudio.com/ Solutions for Slow Downloads: Find the required version on the official website, click download, and then copy the download link. Replace the address in the red box with the domestic mirror address vscode.cdn.azure.cn. Paste the link in the browser and download again. Golang Download Link: https://golang.google.cn/dl/ Install the Go plugin in VSCode. Update Go tools. Before updating, it’s important to
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GitHub Pages is too slow, and even with a VPN, it sometimes gets stuck. Setting Up a Git Server First, connect to the server using Xshell and switch to the root user. Then navigate back to the root directory. Install openssh 1sudo apt-get install openssh-server # Ubuntu 2sudo yum install openssh-server # Centos After installation, check if the ssh service is running 1ps -e|grep ssh Create a user named git
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General Settings Theme Configuration In the theme configuration file _config.butterfly.yml, locate comments:
1comments: 2 # Up to two comments system, the first will be shown as default 3 # Choose: Disqus/Disqusjs/Livere/Gitalk/Valine/Waline/Utterances/Facebook Comments/Twikoo/Giscus/Remark42/Artalk 4 use: Twikoo,Waline 5 text: true # Display the comment name next to the button 6 # lazyload: The comment system will be load when comment element enters the browser's viewport. 7 # If you set it to true, the comment count will be invalid 8 lazyload: true 9 count: true # Display comment count in post's top_img 10 card_post_count: false # Display comment count in Home Page In the theme configuration file _config.
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